Публикация
Oxidative Stress as a Target for Medication of Influenza Virus Infection
Abstract from Fourth National Congress of Virology with International Participation /Days of Virology in Bulgaria Sofia, May 18th - 20th, 2016
Milka Mileva
Department of
Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
“A perfection of means, and confusion of aims, seems to be
our main problem.”
Albert Einstein
One of the life’s paradoxes is the fact that the molecule
supporting aerobic life-oxygen-is not just essential for the energetic metabolism
and for respiration, but almost equally involved in the ethiopatogenesis of numerous
diseases and degenerative states due to oxygen-based reactive species called free
radicals. Nature has selected and included, in an evolutionary manner, in the
composition of living bodies, reactions generating free radicals with multiple
roles: functional, intercellular communicational or destructive, cytolysis,
etc. Free radicals occurs in the body, as the result of endogenous metabolic activity
or of the local assimilation of some chemical pollutants at cellular level or
at the level of several tissues, simultaneously or gradually. Due to their high
reactivity, free radicals have been found responsible for many noxious effects
on the living body. Oxidative stress is defined as an exaggerated production of
oxygenated free radicals, accompanied by a dislocation of antioxidative agents.
We cannot live without oxygen, since it is essential in the functioning of
energy-producing cells. A body transforms and eliminates oxygen (as CO2)
properly almost entirely (98%).
Free radicals produced by one’s own body play a role in the
cell defense system, destroying bacteria and viruses, decomposing chemical
pollutants, and neutralizing toxins.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the role of reactive
oxygen species and development of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of
influenza viral infection, as an area of target for medication of flu.
Attention should be focused on: (i) the effect of the virus on activation of
phagocytic cells to release of free radical generation and pro-oxidant cytokines
such as tumor necrosis factor; (ii) the effect of the virus on the
pro-/antioxidant balance in host cells, including virally induced inhibition of
antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and virally induced increases
in pro-oxidants such as nitric oxide; (iii) effects of the redox state of the cell
on the genetic composition of the virus as well as ROS-mediated release of host
cell nuclear transcription factor-kappa-B, resulting in increased viral replication;
and (iiii) efficacy of antioxidants as therapeutic agents in viral diseases of
both animal models and patients.
During influenza pandemics in last years many patients have
died from severe complications associated with this pandemic despite receiving
intensive care. This suggests that a definitive medical treatment for severe
influenza-associated complications has not yet been established. Many studies have
shown that superoxide anion produced by macrophages infiltrated into the
virus-infected organs is implicated in the development of severe influenza- associated
complications. Selected antioxidants, such as alpha-tocopherol, N-acetyl-L-cysteine,
glutathione, ascorbic acid, 5, 7, 4-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone, catechins,
quercetin 3-rhamnoside, isoquercetin etc. inhibit the proliferation of
influenza virus and scavenge superoxide anion. The combination of antioxidants
with antiviral drugs synergistically reduces the lethal effects of influenza
virus infections. These results suggest that an agent with antiviral and antioxidant
activities could be a drug of choice for the treatment of patients with severe influenza-associated
complications. We hope this updates of knowledge for antioxidant therapy of flu
could be use as a potential approach to overcome the influenza-associated
complications.
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френското грозде за диабетиците ли е ?